The New England Farmer in 1885 wrote: “What the Concord is among grapes, what the Bartlett has been among pears, the Baldwin is among apples." This tree is cold hardy, long lived, and usually a productive and vigorous tree.
The apple is smaller than McIntosh, medium sized, but dense and heavy, with yellow skin that is flushed and striped brick-red and bronze. It is very hard and thick skinned. The flesh is crisp, juicy, with a sweet to sub-acid flavor, aromatic, and firm. It's a great pie apple and has been used by cider makers for over 200 years. 
Baldwin is also known as Woodpecker, Pecker and Butters. It was first discovered as a chance seedling on the farm of Mr. John Ball in Wilmington, Massachusetts, USA, 1740. The next owner of the property, William Butters, called the tree "Woodpecker" because it attracted so many of those birds, but others called it simply "Butters." It wasn't until the late 18th century that it received its modern name, when the famous engineer Loammi Baldwin recognized the apple's potential and promoted it.
This Loammi Baldwin was also second cousin of Johnny Appleseed, and apple geeks will recognize the tragic poetry of the familial relation: John Chapman (AKA Johnny Apppleseed), progenitor of seedling orchard plantations in the young United States, was second cousin of the man who marketed the exact variety that led to the replacement of so many of these seedling plantings. Baldwin was the most popular all-purpose dessert apple in the United States until a harsh winter in 1934-1935 killed off millions of apple trees in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Vermont. McIntosh stepped into the breach. The original tree died in the mid 1800s, but the site where it grew is now marked by a monument to the Baldwin apple.